Premature Senescence ”Senescence is more than merely a cell division clock that regulates the proliferative lifespan of normal cells. “Premature” senescence is an active cytostaticprogram that is triggered in response to proliferative or genotoxic stress, such as the expression of strong oncogenes, tumor suppressor loss, exposure to DNA damage, and reactivation of tumor suppressor pathways. […]
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A branching process model of telomere shortening A continuous correlation between oxidative stress and telomere shortening in fibroblasts A Critical Role for Pin2/TRF1 in ATM-dependent Regulation INHIBITION OF Pin2/TRF1 FUNCTION COMPLEMENTS telomere shortening, RADIOSENSITIVITY, AND THE G2/M CHECKPOINT DEFECT OF ATAXIA-TELANGIECTASIA CELLS A G-quadruplex-interactive agent, telomestatin (SOT-095), induces telomere shortening with apoptosis and enhances chemosensitivity
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… : VersicanV1 promotes proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma through the activation of EGFR–PI3K–AKT pathway (oncogene,(2018), 37, 41,(5585 … … and functional interaction between polyoma virus middle T antigen and insulin and IGF-I receptors is required for oncogene activation and tumour initiation … and hormonal aspects of 6 human neoplasias with special emphasis on
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JAK inhibition alleviates the cellular senescence-associated secretory phenotype and frailty in old age A hallmark of aging is chronic sterile inflammation, which is closely associated with frailty and age-related diseases. We found that senescent fat progenitor cells accumulate in adipose tissue with aging and acquire a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), with increased production of proinflammatory
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Klotho is a transmembrane protein that, in addition to other effects, provides some control over the sensitivity of the organism to insulin and appears to be involved in ageing. Its discovery was documented in 1997 by Makoto Kuro-o et al.[9] The name of the gene comes from Klotho or Clotho, one of the Moirai, or
Regulation of longevity by FGF21: Interaction between energy metabolism and stress responses. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like member of FGF family which controls metabolic multiorgan crosstalk enhancing energy expenditure through glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, FGF21 acts as a stress hormone induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunctions of mitochondria and
SIRT1 stands for sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae), referring to the fact that its sirtuinhomolog (biological equivalent across species) in yeast (S. cerevisiae) is Sir2. SIRT1 is an enzyme that deacetylates proteins that contribute to cellular regulation (reaction to stressors, longevity).[8] Sirtuin 1 is a member of the sirtuin
FOXO3 belongs to the O subclass of the forkhead family of transcription factorswhich are characterized by a distinct fork head DNA-binding domain. There are three other FoxO family members in humans, FOXO1, FOXO4 and FOXO6. These transcription factors share the ability to be inhibited and translocated out of the nucleus on phosphorylation by proteins such
“5′ AMP-activated protein kinase or AMPK or 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase is an enzyme (EC 2.7.11.31) that plays a role in cellular energy homeostasis, largely to activate glucose and fatty acid uptake and oxidation when cellular energy is low. It belongs to a highly conserved eukaryoticprotein family and its orthologues are SNF1 and SnRK1
Autophagy (or autophagocytosis) (from the Ancient Greek αὐτόφαγος autóphagos, meaning “self-devouring”[1] and κύτος kýtos, meaning “hollow”[2]) is the natural, regulated mechanism of the cell that removes unnecessary or dysfunctional components.[3] It allows the orderly degradation and recycling of cellular components.[4][5] Three forms of autophagy are commonly described: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In macroautophagy, expendable cytoplasmic constituents are targeted and isolated from the rest of the cell within a
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